中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区政府与大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府航班协定

中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区政府与大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府航班协定
2004年1月19日于伦敦

中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区政府与大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府航班协定

经中华人民共和国中央人民政府正式授权缔结本协定的中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区政府（澳门特别行政区）和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府；

意欲缔结一项协定，以便为澳门特别行政区和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国之间建立航班服务提供框架，

达成协定如下：

第一条 定义

就本协定而言，除非文中另有要求：

一）“芝加哥公约”一词，指一九四四年十二月七日在芝加哥供开放签字的国际民用航空公约及包括（一）对缔约双方适用的对该公约的任何修改；及（二）任何附件或根据该公约第九十条对其附件所通过的任何修改，只要该修改或附件在任何特定时间对缔约双方有效；

二） “航空当局”一词，在澳门特别行政区方面指民航局，在联合王国方面指运输国务秘书，对第七条而言指民航当局，或对双方而言，指经授权行使上述当局目前行使的任何职能或类似职能的任何个人或机构；

三）“指定空运企业”一词指根据本协定第四条而获指定和授权的空运企业；

四） “地区”一词，在澳门特别行政区方面包括澳门半岛、氹仔岛和路环岛；在大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国方面，则采纳芝加哥公约第二条中“领土”一词的含义；

五）“航班”、“国际航班”、“空运企业”和“非运输业务性经停”名词采纳该公约第九十六条所分别赋予的含意；

六） “使用费”一词指对飞机，其机组，旅客和货物提供机场财产或设施或包括为飞越在内所提供的导航设施，包括相关服务和设施，而由有关当局或经其允许向空运企业收取的费用；

七）“本协定”一词包括附件以及对附件及本协定的任何修改；

八） 缔约一方的“法律和规定”一词指在任何时候该缔约方地区内的有效的法律和规定；

九） “空运经营人执照”指缔约一方航空当局发给某空运企业，确认该空运企业在该执照规定的航空活动中具有保证飞机运营安全的专业能力和组织的文件。

第二条 芝加哥公约的适用性

本协定的条款应服从于芝加哥公约的条款，缔约双方应按芝加哥公约的条款行事，只要这些条款适用于国际航班。

第三条 权利的授予

一、缔约一方给予缔约另一方以下有关经营国际航班的权利：

一）飞越缔约对方地区而不降停；

二）在其地区内作非运输业务性经停。

二、缔约一方给予缔约另一方本协定以下规定的权利，以便在本协定附件航线表中相应部份所规定的航线上经营国际航班。此航班和航线以下分别称为“协议航班”和“规定航线”。在规定航线上经营协议航班时，缔约各方指定空运企业除享有本条第一款所规定的权利外，还有权在缔约对方地区内本协定航线表中该航线的各个规定地点降停，以便上下旅客、装卸行李和包括邮件在内的货物。

三、本条第二款的内容不应被视为给予缔约一方指定的一家或多家空运企业为出租或取酬为目的，在缔约另一方地区内装载旅客，以及包括邮件在内的货物前往缔约另一方地区内另一点的权利。

四、如果由于武装冲突，政治动乱或演变，或者特别和非同寻常的情况，缔约一方指定空运企业不能在通常航路上经营某航班，缔约另一方应尽力通过提供适当的临时航路安排为该航班的继续经营提供方便。

第四条 空运企业的指定与授权

一、缔约一方有权以书面向缔约另一方指定一家或多家空运企业在规定的航线上经营协议航班，以及撤销和更改该指定。

二、缔约另一方航空当局在收到上述指定后，应在不违反本条第三款及第四款规定的情况下，不得延误地向被指定的一家或多家空运企业授予适当的经营许可。

三、缔约一方航空当局可以要求缔约另一方所指定的空运企业向其证明，该空运企业具备资格满足该当局符合芝加哥公约条款的通常及合理地应用于国际航班运营的法律和规定所制订的条件。

四、一）澳门特别行政区政府如对大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国航空当局指定的空运企业的下述情况有疑义，则有权拒绝授予本条第二款所述的经营许可，或对该指定空运企业行使本协定第三条第二款中所规定的权利附加其认为必要的条件：

（一）该空运企业是根据建立欧洲共同体的条约在大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国境内成立，以及根据欧洲共同体法律得到经营许可证；及

（二）负责授予其空运经营执照的欧洲共同体成员国对该空运企业实施并保持有效的管理上的控制，并且在指定中对有关航空当局予以清楚识别。

二）大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府如对澳门特别行政区航空当局指定的空运企业下述情况有疑义，则有权拒绝授予本条第二款所述的经营许可，或对澳门特别行政区航空当局指定的空运企业行使本协定第三条第二款中所规定的权利附加其认为必要的条件：

（一）该空运企业在澳门特别行政区注册并以澳门特别行政区为主要经营地；并且

（二）持有澳门特别行政区航空当局颁发的有效空运经营人执照。

五、一家空运企业一经按照上述指定和授权，可随时开始经营协议航班，条件是该空运企业遵守本协定的适用条款。

第五条 撤销或暂停经营许可

一、缔约一方有权撤销或暂停经营许可，或暂停缔约另一方指定空运企业行使本协定第三条第二款所规定的权利，或对行使此等权利附加其认为必要的条件：

一）在任何情况下，缔约一方可根据本协定第四条第四款拒绝发给经营许可；或

二）如该空运企业未能遵守授予权利的缔约方通常和合理实行的法律和规定；或

三）如该空运企业未能按照本协定所规定的其他条件经营；或

四）缔约另一方未能根据第十四条（安全）第二款采取适当行动改善安全；或

五）根据第十四条（安全）第六款。

二、除非本条第一款所述的撤销或暂停经营许可或暂停行使权利或附加条件必须立即执行，以防止进一步违反法律和规定，否则这种权利只能在与缔约另一方协商后方可行使。

第六条 协议航班经营原则

一、缔约双方指定空运企业在经营规定航线上的协议航班时，在竞争方面应享有公平均等的机会。

二、缔约各方应允许各指定空运企业按照商业和以市场为基础的考虑确定其所提供的国际航空运输的班次及运力。除非是根据本协定的条款或根据芝加哥公约可能考虑的统一的条件，缔约任何一方不得单方面限制缔约另一方指定空运企业的运营。

三、缔约任何一方不得允许其指定的一家或多家空运企业与任何其他的一家或多家空运企业联手或不联手，以某种方式滥用市场力量，严重削弱了或很可能或有意等同严重削弱某一竞争对手或将某竞争对手排除在某航线之外。

第七条 运价

一、就本协定而言，运价一词指为运输旅客、行李及货物而收取的价格，以及适用该价格的条件，包括给予代理人及其他辅助服务的价格及条件，但不包括运输邮件的报酬或条件。

二、缔约各方应允许各指定空运企业以市场的商业考虑为基础制订航班运价。缔约各方不得要求其空运企业就本协定所包括的航班收取的或建议收取的运价与其他空运企业进行协商。

三、缔约各方可要求其自己指定的一家或多家空运企业通知或提交将收取的任何运价。缔约各方不得要求缔约另一方的一家或多家指定空运企业通知或提交将收取的任何运价。运价可持续有效，除非此后根据下述第五或第六款未予批准。

四、缔约双方的干预应限于：

一）保护消费者免受于滥用市场力量的过份的价格；

二）防止由于该等运价的实施构成的反竞争行为造成的或很可能造成或明显有意造成等同于妨碍、限制或扭曲竞争或将某竞争对手排除出该航线之外的情况发生。

五、缔约各方可以单方面驳回其自己指定空运企业任何提交的或收取的运价。但此种干预仅应在该收取的或建议收取的运价在该缔约方航空当局看来符合上述第四款所订的标准之一。

六、缔约任何一方不得采取单方面行动妨碍缔约另一方空运企业的某项收取或建议收取的运价生效或继续有效。如缔约一方认为任何此类运价与上述第四款的考虑不一致，可要求协商并将其不满意的理由通知缔约对方。此协商应在收到要求之后十四天之内进行。如双方未达成协议，该项运价应生效或继续有效。

七、尽管有上述第三、五及第六款，缔约任何一方不得要求提交缔约双方地区之间货运的运价。此运价由有关空运企业作出决定后即生效。

第八条 关税

一、缔约一方指定的一家或多家空运企业经营国际航班的飞机应按下列各项免除所有海关关税、消费税和类似收费：

一）缔约一方指定空运企业运入缔约另一方地区的以下物品：

1. 修理、维护和保养设备及其部件；

2. 旅客服务设备及其部件；

3. 货物装载设备及其部件；

4. 保安设备包括组装保安设备的部件；

5. 教学材料和训练辅助用品；

6. 空运企业和经营人文件；以及

二）缔约一方指定空运企业运入缔约另一方地区或在缔约另一方地区内向缔约一方指定空运企业供应的以下物品：

1. 无论是运入或在缔约另一方地区内装上飞机的机上供应品（包括但不限于诸如食品、饮料和烟草等物品）；

2. 燃油、润滑油和消耗性技术供应品；

3. 零备件包括发动机；以及

三）缔约一方指定空运企业为协助下列一项或多项事项而运入缔约另一方地区的计算机设备及其部件：

1.修理、维护或保养飞机；

2.在机场或机上提供旅客服务；

3.飞机装载及卸下货物；

4.对旅客或货物实施保安检查；

条件是每次该物品均为有关指定空运企业为建立或维持国际航班而在机上使用或在国际机场范围内使用。

二、免除关税、消费税和类似收费不应延伸于在缔约另一方地区内以向缔约一方一家或多家指定空运企业提供的以成本为基础的服务收费。

三、本条第一款所述的设备和供应品可被要求置于有关当局监管或控制之下。

四、在缔约一方指定的一家或多家空运企业在缔约另一方地区内已与另一家或多家空运企业就租用或移交本条第一款所规定各项物品作出安排的情况下，本条规定的免除办法亦适用，但该另一家或多家空运企业须同样享有该缔约另一方的此项免除。

第九条 航空保安

一、确保民用飞机、其旅客和机组人员安全作为国际航班运营的基本前提，缔约双方重申为保护民用航空安全免遭非法干扰行为而相互承担的义务构成本协定不可分割的组成部分。缔约各方应特别遵守芝加哥公约中的航空保安条款，一九六三年九月十四日在东京签订的关于在航空器内犯罪和犯有某些其他行为的公约、一九七零年十二月十六日在海牙签订的关于制止非法劫持航空器的公约、一九七一年九月二十三日在蒙特利尔签订的关于制止危害民用航空安全的非法行为的公约，以及对缔约双方均具约束力的任何其他指导民航保安的协议。

二、缔约双方应根据请求相互提供一切必要的协助，以防止非法劫持民用飞机和其他危及该等飞机、其旅客和机组、机场和导航设施安全的非法行为，以及危及民航安全的任何其他威胁。

三、缔约双方在其相互关系中，应遵守航空保安标准，以及在对于缔约双方均适用的情况下，遵守国际民航组织所制定的并指定为一九四四年十二月七日在芝加哥开放签字的国际民用航空公约附件的建议措施。缔约双方须要求，在其地区内注册的飞机经营人或以其所在地区为主要经营地或永久驻地的飞机经营人，及其地区内的机场经营人遵守该航空保安规定。本款中所指的航空保安标准包括有关缔约方通告的任何差异。缔约各方应提前将其通告任何差异的意向通知缔约对方。

四、缔约各方应确保在其地区内采取有效措施保护飞机，在登机和装机前或装机时，对旅客及其手提物品实行透视检查，对机组、货物（包括装货舱的行李）及机上供应品实施适当的检查，并对上述措施加以调整以对付威胁的增加。缔约各方同意其空运企业可能被要求遵守第三款中提及的缔约另一方要求的关于入境、出境或在缔约另一方地区内的航空保安规定。同时缔约各方对缔约另一方为对付某项特定的威胁采取合理的特别保安措施的任何要求，亦应采取有利行动。

五、当发生非法劫持民用飞机的事件或威胁，或其他针对该飞机、其旅客和机组、机场或航空导航设施安全的非法行为时，缔约双方须互相协助，提供联系的便利及采取其它适当措施，以便迅速及以最低的生命危险终止该事件或其威胁。

第十条 提供统计

缔约一方航空当局应根据缔约另一方航空当局的请求，向其提供合理需要的某时期的统计或其他统计报表，以便确定本条前述缔约方指定空运企业在协议航班上运输的业务量。

第十一条 收入的汇出

缔约各方指定空运企业有权根据要求，将其在当地的收入扣除当地支出后的馀额兑换并汇回所选择的地点。兑换及汇出应允许及时，无限制，以提出该收入兑换及汇款要求时适用于当时交易的有效汇率进行，并且不得收取除银行为办理该等兑换及汇款所正常收取的费用以外的任何费用。

第十二条 空运企业代表处

缔约各方指定空运企业有权：

一）根据缔约另一方关于入境、居留和就业的法律和规定，在缔约另一方地区派驻和保留该空运企业认为合理需要的其自己为提供航班所需的管理、技术、经营和其他专业人员。

二）使用在缔约另一方地区内经营的任何组织，公司或空运企业的服务及人员。

三）在缔约另一方地区内直接或通过其代理人或其指定的其他中介从事航空运输销售及市场活动以及相关服务。各空运企业有权销售此种运输，任何人可选择以当地货币或任何可自由兑换货币购买该运输。

四）在缔约对方地区内建立办事处。

第十三条 用户费

一、缔约任何一方不得向缔约对方的一家或多家指定空运企业征收或允许征收高于向其自己的经营类似国际航班的空运企业所征收的用户费。

二、缔约各方应鼓励其主管收费当局与使用该等收费当局提供的设施的空运企业，在可行的情况下透过空运企业的代表组织就用户费进行协商。倘有任何更改空运企业用户费的建议，应合理预先通知用户，以便他们在更改之前表达意见。缔约各方还应鼓励其主管收费当局与空运企业就用户费事宜交换相关的资料。

第十四条 安全

一、缔约一方可以就缔约另一方在机组、飞机及其经营的任何相关方面所采用的安全标准问题随时要求进行协商。此协商应在该要求提出之后的三十天内进行。

二、如在此种协商之后，缔约一方发现缔约另一方在上述任何方面未能有效地保持和实施至少相当于当时根据芝加哥公约制定的最低的安全标准，缔约一方应将此等发现及认为达到该等最低标准必要的步骤通知缔约另一方，缔约另一方应采取适当的行动予以纠正。如缔约另一方未能在十五天内或可能同意的更长期间内采取适当行动，将有理由实施本协定第五条（撤销或暂停经营许可）第一款。

三、尽管有芝加哥公约第三十三条提及的义务，双方同意缔约一方一家或多家空运企业经营的，或根据租赁安排而代其经营的来往于缔约另一方地区的任何飞机，在缔约另一方地区内时，须服从缔约另一方获授权的代表对机上及飞机周身进行的检查，以查验随机文件及机组人员证件是否有效以及飞机及其设备的表面状况（本条中称为“停机坪检查”），只要此种检查不会导致不合理的延误。

四、如果任何上述停机坪检查或一系列的停机坪检查结果：

一）对某架飞机或某架飞机的运行不符合根据芝加哥公约届时所制定的最低标准产生严重关切；或

二）对缺少有效保持和实施根据芝加哥公约届时所制定的安全标准产生严重关切；

为贯彻芝加哥公约第三十三条，执行检查的缔约方可自行作出结论，即对该架飞机或该架飞机的机组人员的证照的颁发或核准有效的要求或对该架飞机运营的要求，没有达到或高于根据芝加哥公约制定的最低标准。

五、如果根据本协定第三款对缔约一方一家或多家空运企业经营的某架飞机实行的停机坪检查遭到该一家或多家空运企业代表的拒绝，缔约另一方可自行推论，即存在上述第四款提及的严重关切，并得出该款提及的结论。

六、如果缔约一方不论由于一次停机坪检查，或一系列停机坪检查，或一次拒绝停机坪检查、协商或其他原因而得出结论，即为空运企业的运行安全必须采取紧急行动，缔约各方保留立即暂停或改变该一家或多家空运企业的经营授权的权利。

七、缔约一方根据本协定第二款或第六款所采取行动的依据一旦不复存在，则应停止任何行动。

第十五条 协商

缔约一方可随时要求就本协定的实施、解释、适用或修改或本协定的遵守情况进行协商。此协商可以在双方航空当局之间进行，除非缔约双方另有协议，协商应在缔约另一方收到书面要求之日起六十天之内开始。

第十六条 解决争议

一、如果缔约双方就本协定的解释或适用发生任何争议，缔约双方首先应设法通过谈判解决。

二、如果缔约双方未能通过谈判解决争议，它们可以将该项争议提交双方同意的人士或机构处理，或在缔约任何一方的要求下，提交一个由三名仲裁员组成的仲裁庭裁决，仲裁庭的组成方式如下：

（一）在接获仲裁要求三十天内，缔约各方应委任一名仲裁员。在委任第二名仲裁员后六十天之内，经两名仲裁员协议委任一名在该项争议中可视为中立国家的国民为第三名仲裁员，该仲裁员应出任仲裁庭的主席。

（二）若在上述规定的期限内未能委任任何仲裁员，缔约任何一方可以要求国际民航组织理事会主席在三十天内作必要的委任。如该主席认为由于他是某一国家的国民，而此国家在争议中不能视为中立，仲裁员便由没有因上述理由失去资格的最资深副主席委任。

三、除非如本条下文所述或缔约双方另有协议，仲裁庭将确定其权限范围和制订自己的程序。在仲裁庭完全组成之后三十天之内，应根据仲裁庭发出的指令或缔约任何一方提出请求，举行确定仲裁的确切事项和须遵循的具体程序的会议。

四、除非缔约双方另有协议或仲裁庭另有规定，缔约各方必须在仲裁庭完全组成之后四十五天内提交一份备忘录。答复期限为此后六十天。在答复期满后三十天之内，仲裁庭应按缔约任何一方的请求，或自行决定举行听证会。

五、仲裁庭应力争在听证会结束之后三十天内，或如果未举行听证会，在两份答复都已提交之日后的三十天内，作出书面裁决。裁决按多数票作出。

六、缔约双方可以在收到裁决之后十五天内提出澄清裁决的要求，此种澄清应在收到此种要求之日十五天内作出。

七、仲裁庭的裁决对缔约双方均具约束力。

八、缔约各方应承担其委任仲裁员的费用。仲裁庭的其他费用，包括国际民航组织理事会主席或副主席在执行本条第二款第二段程序时所产生的任何费用由缔约双方平均分摊。

第十七条 修改

一、缔约双方所达成的对本协定的任何修改应在缔约双方经适当途径换函确认后生效。

二、对于本协定附件的修改可在缔约双方航空当局之间直接商定。此修改应自上述当局达成协议当日起临时适用，并在经适当途径换函确认后生效。

第十八条 终止

缔约任何一方可以随时以书面通知缔约另一方其终止本协定的决定。本协定自缔约另一方收到通知之日第一个周年前的午夜（在通知接收地）终止，除非在此日期结束之前协议撤回该通知。

第十九条 向国际民航组织登记

本协定和对本协定所作的任何修改须向国际民航组织登记。

第二十条 生效

本协定自缔约双方相互书面通知业已完成必要的程序之日起即行生效。

下列代表，经其各自政府正式授权，已在本协定上签字。

本协定于二零零四年一月十九日在伦敦签订，一式两份，每份用中文、葡萄牙文和英文写成，所有文本同等作准。

中华人民共和国澳门特别 行政区政府代表	大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 政府代表
运输工务司司长 欧文龙	外交及联邦事务国务大臣 欧柏文

航 线 表

第一部分

澳门特别行政区指定的一家或多家空运企业经营的航线：

澳门——中间点——联合王国内地点——以远点

注：

1. 任何航班可以不降停中间点或以远点，条件是航班自澳门始发或终止。

2. 不得在中间点搭载业务至联合王国地区内，或自联合王国地区内搭载业务至以远点，回程亦然，除非由缔约双方航空当局随时共同确定。此项限制也适用于所有形式的中途经停权。

3. 中国内地地点、台湾以及香港不得作为中间点或以远点。

第二部分

联合王国指定的一家或多家空运企业经营的航线：

联合王国内地点——中间点——澳门——以远点

注：

1. 任何航班可以不降停中间点或以远点，条件是航班自联合王国内始发或终止。

2. 不得在中间点搭载业务至澳门，或自澳门搭载业务至以远点，回程亦然，除非由缔约双方航空当局随时共同确定。此项限制也适用于所有形式的中途经停权。

3. 中国内地地点、台湾以及香港不得作为中间点或以远点。

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE MACAO SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND CONCERNING AIR SERVICES

The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (“the Macao Special Administrative Region”) and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the former having been duly authorized to conclude this Agreement by the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China;

Desiring to conclude an Agreement for the purpose of providing the framework for air services between the Macao Special Administrative Region and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1 Definitions

For the purpose of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires:

a) The term “the Chicago Convention” means the Convention on International Civil Aviation, opened for signature at Chicago on 7 December 1944 and includes: (i) any amendment thereof which is applicable to both Contracting Parties; and (ii) any Annex or any amendment thereto adopted under Article 90 of that Convention, insofar as such amendment or annex is at any given time effective for both Contracting Parties;

b) The term “aeronautical authority” means in the case of the Macao Special Administrative Region, the Civil Aviation Authority, and in the case of the United Kingdom, the Secretary of State for Transport, for the purpose of Article 7, the Civil Aviation Authority, or, in both cases, any person or body who may be authorized to perform any functions at present exercisable by the above-mentioned authority or similar functions;

c) The term “designated airline” means an airline which has been designated and authorized in accordance with Article 4 of this Agreement;

d) The term “area” in relation to the Macao Special Administrative Region includes the Macao Peninsula and the Taipa and Coloane Islands and in relation to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has the meaning assigned to “Territory” in Article 2 of the Chicago Convention;

e) The term “Air Services”, “International Air Services”, “Airline” and “stop for non-traffic purposes” have the meanings respectively assigned to them in Article 96 of the said Convention;

f) The term “user charge” means a charge made to airlines by the competent authorities or permitted by them to be made for the provision of airport property or facilities or of air navigation facilities including facilities for overflights, including related services and facilities, for aircraft, their crews, passengers and cargo;

g) The term “this Agreement” includes the Annex hereto and any amendments to it or to this Agreement;

h) The term “laws and regulations” of a Contracting Party means the laws and regulations at any time in force in the area of that Contracting Party;

i) The term “Air Operator’s Certificate” means a document issued to an airline by the aeronautical authorities of a Contracting Party which affirms that the airline in question has the professional ability and organization to secure the safe operation of aircraft for the aviation activities specified in the certificate.

Article 2 Applicability of the Chicago Convention

The provisions of this Agreement shall be subject to and the Contracting Parties shall act in conformity with the provisions of the Chicago Convention insofar as those provisions are applicable to international air services.

Article 3 Grant of Rights

1. Each Contracting Party grants to the other Contracting Party the following rights in respect of its international air services:

a) The right to fly across its area without landing;

b) The right to make stops in its area for non-traffic purposes.

2. Each Contracting Party grants to the other Contracting Party the rights hereinafter specified in this Agreement for the purpose of operating international air services on the routes specified in the appropriate Section of the schedule annexed to this Agreement. Such services and routes are hereinafter called “the agreed services” and the “specified routes” respectively. While operating an agreed service on a specified route, the airlines designated by each Contracting Party shall enjoy in addition to the rights specified in paragraph 1 of this Article the right to make stops in the area of the other Contracting Party at the points specified for that route in the Schedule to this Agreement for the purpose of taking on board or discharging passengers, baggage and cargo, including mail.

3. Nothing in paragraph 2 of this Article shall be deemed to confer on the designated airline or airlines of one Contracting Party the right to take on board, in the area of the other Contracting Party, passengers and cargo, including mail, carried for hire or reward and destined for another point in the area of the other Contracting Party.

4. If because of armed conflict, political disturbances or developments, or special and unusual circumstances, a designated airline of one Contracting Party is unable to operate a service on its normal routeing, the other Contracting Party shall use its best efforts to facilitate the continued operation of such service through appropriate temporary rearrangements of routes.

Article 4 Designation and Authorization of Airlines

1. Each Contracting Party shall have the right to designate in writing to the other Contracting Party one or more airlines for the purpose of operating the agreed services on the specified routes and to withdraw or alter such designations.

2. On receipt of such a designation the other Contracting Party shall, subject to the provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article, without delay grant to the airline or airlines designated the appropriate operating authorizations.

3. The aeronautical authorities of one Contracting Party may require an airline designated by the other Contracting Party to satisfy them that it is qualified to fulfill the conditions prescribed under the laws and regulations normally and reasonably applied to the operation of international air services by such authorities in conformity with the provisions of the Chicago Convention.

4. a) The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region may refuse to grant the operating authorizations referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, or impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise by an airline designated by the aeronautical authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of the rights specified in paragraph 2 of Article 3 of this Agreement, in any case where the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region is not satisfied that:

i) the airline is established in the territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland under the Treaty establishing the European Community and has received an Operating Licence in accordance with European Community law; and

ii) effective regulatory control of the airline is exercised and maintained by the European Community Member State responsible for issuing its Air Operators Certificate and the relevant aeronautical authority is clearly identified in the designation.

b) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland may refuse to grant the operating authorizations referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, or impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise by an airline designated by the aeronautical authority of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the rights specified in paragraph 2 of Article 3 of this Agreement, in any case where the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is not satisfied that the airline:

i) is incorporated and has its principal place of business in the area of the Macao Special Administrative Region; and

ii) holds a current Air Operator’s Certificate issued by the aeronautical authority of the Macao Special Administrative Region.

5. When an airline has been so designated and authorized it may begin to operate the agreed services, provided that the airline complies with the applicable provisions of this Agreement.

Article 5 Revocation or Suspension of Operating Authorization

1. Each Contracting Party shall have the right to revoke or suspend an operating authorization or to suspend the exercise of the rights specified in paragraph 2 of Article 3 of this Agreement by an airline designated by the other Contracting Party, or to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise of those rights:

a) In any case where a Contracting Party may refuse to grant operating authorizations pursuant to paragraph 4 of Article 4 of this Agreement; or

b) In the case of failure by that airline to comply with the laws and regulations normally and reasonably applied by the Contracting Party granting those rights; or

c) If that airline otherwise fails to operate in accordance with the conditions prescribed under this Agreement; or

d) In the case of failure by the other Contracting Party to take appropriate action to improve safety in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 14 (Safety); or

e) In accordance with paragraph 6 of Article 14 (Safety).

2. Unless immediate revocation or suspension of operating authorization or suspension of the exercise of the rights mentioned in paragraph 1 of this Article or imposition of conditions therein is essential to prevent further infringements of laws and regulations, such right shall be exercised only after consultation with the other Contracting Party.

Article 6 Principles Governing Operation of Agreed Services

1. There shall be fair and equal opportunity for the designated airlines of both Contracting Parties to compete in operating the agreed services on the specified routes.

2. Each Contracting Party shall allow each designated airline to determine the frequency and capacity of the international air transport it offers, according to commercial and market-based considerations. Neither Contracting Party shall unilaterally restrict the operations of the designated airlines of the other, except according to the terms of this Agreement or by such uniform conditions as may be contemplated by the Chicago Convention.

3. Neither Contracting Party shall allow its designated airline or airlines, either in conjunction with any other airline or airlines or separately, to abuse market power in a way which has or is likely or intended to have the effect of severely weakening a competitor or excluding a competitor from a route.

Article 7 Tariffs

1. For the purposes of this Agreement the term tariff means the prices to be paid for the carriage of passengers, baggage and freight and the conditions under which those prices apply, including prices and conditions for agency and other auxiliary services, but excluding remuneration or conditions for the carriage of mail.

2. Each Contracting Party shall allow tariffs for air services to be established by each designated airline based upon commercial considerations in the market place. Neither Contracting Party shall require their airlines to consult other airlines about the tariffs they charge or propose to charge for services covered by these arrangements.

3. Each Contracting Party may require notification or filing of any tariff to be charged by its own designated airline or airlines. Neither Contracting Party shall require notification or filing of any tariffs to be charged by the designated airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party. Tariffs may remain in effect unless subsequently disapproved under paragraphs 5 or 6 below.

4. Intervention by the Contracting Parties shall be limited to:

a) the protection of consumers from tariffs that are excessive due to the abuse of market power;

b) the prevention of tariffs whose application constitutes anti-competitive behaviour which has or is likely to have or is explicitly intended to have the effect of preventing, restricting or distorting competition or excluding a competitor from the route.

5. Each Contracting Party may unilaterally disallow any tariff filed or charged by one of its own designated airlines. However, such intervention shall be made only if it appears to the aeronautical authority of that Contracting Party that a tariff charged or proposed to be charged meets either of the criteria set out in paragraph 4 above.

6. Neither Contracting Party shall take unilateral action to prevent the coming into effect or continuation of a tariff charged or proposed to be charged by an airline of the other Contracting Party. If one Contracting Party believes that any such tariff is inconsistent with the considerations set out in paragraph 4 above, it may request consultations and notify the other Contracting Party of the reasons for its dissatisfaction. These consultations shall be held not later than 14 days after receipt of the request. Without a mutual agreement the tariff shall take effect or continue in effect.

7. Notwithstanding paragraphs 3, 5 and 6 above, neither Contracting Party shall require the filing of tariffs for the carriage of cargo between the areas of both Contracting Parties. Such tariffs shall take effect when the airline concerned so decides.

Article 8 Customs Duties

1. Aircraft operated in international air services by the designated airline or airlines of either Contracting Party shall be relieved from all customs duties, excise taxes and similar fees, as shall:

a) The following items introduced by a designated airline of one Contracting Party into the area of the other Contracting Party:

i) repair, maintenance and servicing equipment and component parts;

ii) passenger handling equipment and component parts;

iii) cargo-loading equipment and component parts;

iv) security equipment including component parts for incorporation into security equipment;

v) instructional material and training aids;

vi) airline and operators’ documents; and

b) The following items introduced by a designated airline of one Contracting Party into the area of the other Contracting Party or supplied to a designated airline of one Contracting Party in the area of the other Contracting Party:

i) aircraft stores (including but not limited to such items as food, beverages and tobacco) whether introduced into or taken on board in the area of the other Contracting party;

ii) fuel, lubricants and consumable technical supplies;

iii) spare parts including engines; and

c) Computer equipment and component parts introduced by a designated airline of one Contracting Party into the area of the other Contracting Party to assist in one or more of the following matters:

i) the repair, maintenance or servicing of aircraft;

ii) the handling of passengers at the airport or on board aircraft;

iii) the loading of cargo onto or the unloading of cargo from aircraft;

iv) the carrying out of security checks on passengers or cargo;

provided in each case that they are for use on board an aircraft or within the limits of an international airport in connection with the establishment or maintenance of an international air service by the designated airline concerned.

2. The relief from customs duties, excise taxes and similar fees shall not extend to charges based on the cost of services provided to the designated airline or airlines of a Contracting Party in the area of the other Contracting Party.

3. Equipment and supplies refered to in paragraph 1 of this Article may be required to be kept under the supervision or control of the appropriate authorities.

4. The reliefs provided for by this Article shall also be available in situations where the designated airline or airlines of one Contracting Party have entered into arrangements with another airline or airlines for the loan or transfer in the area of the other Contracting Party of the items specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, provided such other airline or airlines similarly enjoy such reliefs from such other Contracting Party.

Article 9 Aviation Security

1. The assurance of safety for civil aircraft, their passengers and crew being a fundamental pre-condition for the operation of international air services, the Contracting Parties reaffirm that their obligations to each other to protect the security of civil aviation against unlawful interference form an integral part of this agreement. Each Contracting Party shall in particular act in conformity with the aviation security provisions of the Chicago Convention, the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on 14 September 1963, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, signed at The Hague on 16 December 1970, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on 23 September 1971 and any other agreement governing civil aviation security binding upon both Contracting Parties.

2. The Contracting Parties shall provide upon request all necessary assistance to each other to prevent acts of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft and other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports, and air navigation facilities and any other threat to the security of civil aviation.

3. The Contracting Parties shall, in their mutual relations, act in conformity with the aviation security Standards and, so far as they are applied by them, the Recommended Practices established by the International Civil Aviation Organization designated as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation opened for signature at Chicago on 7 December 1944. They shall require that operators of aircraft of their registry or operators of aircraft having their principal place of business or permanent residents in their area, and the operators of airports in their area, act in conformity with such aviation security provisions. In this paragraph the reference to aviation security Standards includes any difference notified by the Contracting Party concerned. Each Contracting Party shall give advance information to the other of its intention to notify any difference.

4. Each Contracting Party shall ensure that effective measures are taken within its area to protect aircraft, to screen passengers and their carry-on items, and to carry out appropriate checks on crew, cargo (including hold baggage) and aircraft stores prior to and during boarding or loading and that those measures are adjusted to meet increases in the threat. Each Contracting Party agrees that their airlines may be required to observe the aviation security provisions referred to in paragraph 3 required by the other Contracting Party, for entrance into, departure from, or while within, the area of that other Contracting Party. Each Contracting Party shall also act favourably upon any request from the other Contracting Party for reasonable special security measures to meet a particular threat.

5. When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft or other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports or air navigation facilities occurs, the Contracting Parties shall assist each other by facilitating communications and other appropriate measures intended to terminate as rapidly as possible commensurate with minimum risk to life such incident or threat.

Article 10 Provision of Statistics

The aeronautical authorities of a Contracting Party shall supply to the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party at their request such periodic or other statements of statistics as may be reasonably required to determine the amount of traffic carried on the agreed services by the designated airlines of the Contracting Party referred to first in this Article.

Article 11 Transfer of Earnings

The designated airlines of the Contracting Parties shall have the right to convert and remit to the place of their choice on demand local revenues in excess of sums locally disbursed. Prompt conversion and remittance shall be permitted without restrictions at the rate of exchange applicable to current transactions which is in effect at the time such revenues are presented for conversion and remittance and shall not be subject to any charges except those normally made by banks for carrying out such conversion and remittance.

Article 12 Airline Representation

The designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall have the right to:

a) in accordance with the laws and regulations relating to entry, residence and employment of the other Contracting Party, bring in and maintain in the area of the other Contracting Party those of their own managerial, technical, operational and other specialist staff which the airline reasonably considers necessary for the provision of air services;

b) use the services and personnel of any other organization, company or airline operating in the area of the other Contracting Party;

c) engage in the sale and marketing of air transportation and related services in the area of the other Contracting Party either directly and through its agents or other intermediaries appointed by the airline. Each airline shall have the right to sell such transportation, and any person shall be free to purchase such transportation, in local currency or in any freely convertible currency;

d) establish offices in the area of the other Contracting Party.

Article 13 User Charges

1. Neither Contracting Party shall impose or permit to be imposed on the designated airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party user charges higher than those imposed on its own airlines operating similar international air services.

2. Each Contracting Party shall encourage consultation on user charges between its competent charging authorities and airlines using the services and facilities provided by those charging authorities, where practicable through the airlines representative organizations. Reasonable notice should be given to users of any proposals for changes in user charges to enable them to express their views before changes are made. Each Contracting Party shall further encourage the competent charging authorities and airlines to exchange appropriate information concerning user charges.

Article 14 Safety

1. Each Contracting Party may request consultations at any time concerning safety standards in any area relating to aircrews, aircraft or their operation adopted by the other Contracting Party. Such consultations shall take place within 30 days of that request.

2. If, following such consultations, one Contracting Party finds that the other Contracting Party does not effectively maintain and administer safety standards in any such area that are at least equal to the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Chicago Convention, the first Contracting Party shall notify the other Contracting Party of those findings and the steps considered necessary to conform with those minimum standards, and the other Contracting Party shall take appropriate corrective action. Failure by the other Contracting Party to take appropriate action within 15 days or such longer period as may be agreed, shall be grounds for the application of paragraph 1 of Article 5 of this Agreement (Revocation or Suspension of Operating Authorization).

3. Notwithstanding the obligations mentioned in Article 33 of the Chicago Convention it is agreed that any aircraft operated by or, under a lease arrangement, on behalf of the airline or airlines of one Contracting Party on services to or from the area of the other Contracting Party may, while within the area of the other Contracting Party, be made the subject of an examination by the authorized representatives of the other Contracting Party, on board and around the aircraft to check both the validity of the aircraft documents and those of its crew and the apparent condition of the aircraft and its equipment (in this Article called “ramp inspection”), provided this does not lead to unreasonable delay.

4. If any such ramp inspection or series of ramp inspections gives rise to:

a) Serious concerns that an aircraft or the operation of an aircraft does not comply with the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Chicago Convention; or

b) Serious concerns that there is a lack of effective maintenance and administration of safety standards established at that time pursuant to the Chicago Convention;

the Contracting Party carrying out the inspection shall, for the purposes of Article 33 of the Chicago Convention, be free to conclude that the requirements under which the certificate or licences in respect of that aircraft or in respect of the crew of that aircraft had been issued or rendered valid or that the requirements under which that aircraft is operated are not equal to or above the minimum standards established pursuant to the Chicago Convention.

5. In the event that access for the purpose of undertaking a ramp inspection of an aircraft operated by the airline or airlines of one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article is denied by a representative of that airline or airlines, the other Contracting Party shall be free to infer that serious concerns of the type referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article arise and draw the conclusions referred in that paragraph.

6. Each Contracting Party reserves the right to suspend or vary the operating authorization of an airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party immediately in the event the first Contracting Party concludes, whether as a result of a ramp inspection, a series of ramp inspections, a denial of access for ramp inspection, consultation or otherwise, that immediate action is essential to the safety of an airline operation.

7. Any action by one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraphs 2 or 6 of this Article shall be discontinued once the basis for the taking of that action ceases to exist.

Article 15 Consultation

Either Contracting Party may at any time request consultations on the implementation, interpretation, application or amendment of this Agreement or compliance with this Agreement. Such consultation, which may be between aeronautical authorities, shall begin within a period of 60 days from the date the other Contracting Party receives a written request, unless otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties.

Article 16 Settlement of Disputes

1. If any dispute arises between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement, the Contracting Parties shall in the first place try to settle it by negotiation.

2. If the Contracting Parties fail to reach a settlement of the dispute by negotiation, it may be referred by them to such person or body as they may agree on or, at the request of either Contracting Party, shall be submitted for decision to a tribunal of three arbitrators which shall be constituted in the following manner:

a) Within 30 days after receipt of a request for arbitration, each Contracting Party shall appoint one arbitrator. A national of a State which can be regarded as neutral in relation to the dispute, who shall act as President of the tribunal, shall be appointed as the third arbitrator by agreement between the two arbitrators, within 60 days of the appointment of the second;

b) If within the time limits specified above any appointment has not been made, either Contracting Party may request the President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization to make the necessary appointment within 30 days. If the President considers that he is a national of a State which cannot be regarded as neutral in relation to the dispute, the most senior Vice President who is not disqualified on that ground shall make the appointment.

3. Except as hereinafter provided in this Article or as otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties, the tribunal shall determine the limits of its jurisdiction and establish its own procedure. At the direction of the tribunal, or at the request of either of the Contracting Parties, a conference to determine the precise issues to be arbitrated and the specific procedures to be followed shall be held not later than 30 days after the tribunal is fully constituted.

4. Except as otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties or prescribed by the tribunal, each Contracting Party shall submit a memorandum within 45 days after the tribunal is fully constituted. Replies shall be due 60 days later. The tribunal shall hold a hearing at the request of either Contracting Party, or at its discretion, within 30 days after replies are due.

5. The tribunal shall attempt to give written decision within 30 days after completion of the hearing or, if no hearing is held, 30 days after the date both replies are submitted. The decision shall be taken by a majority vote.

6. The Contracting Parties may submit requests for clarification of the decision within 15 days after it is received and such clarification shall be issued within 15 days of such request.

7. The decision of the tribunal shall be binding on the Contracting Parties.

8. Each Contracting Party shall bear the cost of the arbitrator appointed by it. The other costs of the tribunal shall be shared equally by the Contracting Parties including any expenses incurred by the President or Vice President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization implementing the procedures in paragraph 2. b) of this Article.

Article 17 Amendment

1. Any amendments to this Agreement agreed by the Contracting Parties shall come into effect when confirmed by an exchange of correspondence through the appropriate channels.

2. Amendments to the Annex of this Agreement may be agreed directly between the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties. Such amendments shall be applied provisionally from the date they have been agreed upon by the said authorities and enter into force when confirmed by an exchange of correspondence through the appropriate channels.

Article 18 Termination

Either Contracting Party may at any time give notice in writing to the other Contracting Party its decision to terminate this Agreement. This Agreement shall terminate at midnight (at the place of receipt of the notice) immediately before the first anniversary of the date of the receipt of such notice by the other Contracting Party, unless the notice is withdrawn by agreement before the end of this period.

Article 19 Registration with the International Civil Aviation Organization

This Agreement and any amendment thereto shall be communicated to the International Civil Aviation Organization for registration.

Article 20 Entry into Force

This Agreement shall enter into force as soon as the Contracting Parties have given notice in writing to each other that any necessary procedures have been completed.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.

Done in duplicate at London this 19th day of January 2004 in the Chinese, Portuguese and English languages. All texts being equally authoritative.

For the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China	For the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Ao Man Long	Mike O' Brien
Secretary for Transport and Public Works	Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs

ROUTE SCHEDULE

Section 1

Routes to be operated by the designated airline or airlines of the Macao Special Administrative Region:

Macao — Intermediate Points — Points in the United Kingdom — Points beyond

NOTES:

1. Intermediate points or points beyond may be omitted on any flight provided that the service begins or ends in Macao.

2. No traffic may be picked up at an intermediate point to be set down in the area of the United Kingdom or in the area of the United Kingdom to be set down at a point beyond, and vice versa, except as may from time to time be jointly determined by the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties. This restriction also applies to all forms of stop-over traffic.

3. No points in inland of China, Taiwan and Hong Kong may be served either as intermediate or beyond points.

Section 2

Routes to be operated by the designated airline or airlines of the United Kingdom:

Points in the United Kingdom — Intermediate Points — Macao — Points Beyond

NOTES:

1. Intermediate points or points beyond may be omitted on any flight provided that the service begins or ends in the United Kingdom.

2. No traffic may be picked up at an intermediate point to be set down in Macao or in Macao to be set down at a point beyond, and vice versa, except as may from time to time be jointly determined by the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties. This restriction also applies to all forms of stop-over traffic.

3. No points in inland of China, Taiwan and Hong Kong may be served either as intermediate or beyond points.